Python OOP

Section 1. Classes and objects

• Object-oriented programming – introduce to you the important concepts in Python object-oriented programming.
• Class– learn how to define a class and create new objects from the class.
• Class variables– explain the class variables (or attributes)
• Instance methods – guide you on instance methods and help you understand the differences between a function and a method.
• __init__()– show you how to use the __init__ method to initialize object’s attributes.
• Instance variables – understand the instance variables.
• Private attributes – learn about private attributes and how to use them effectively.
• Class attributes – understand class attributes and more importantly when you should use class attributes.
• Static methods – explain to you static methods and shows you how to use them to group related functions in a class.

Section 2. Special methods

• __str__ method – show you how to use the __str__ dunder method to return the string representation of an object.
• __repr__ method – learn how to use the __repr__ method and the main difference between __str__ and __repr__ methods.
• __eq__ method – learn how to define the equality logic for comparing objects by values.
• __hash__ method – show you how to make a class hashable using the __has__ method.
• __bool__ method – guide you on how to determine whether a custom object is True or False using the __bool__ method.
• __del__ method – understand how the __del__ method works.

Section 3. Property

• Property– show you how to use the property class to create a property.
• @property decorator – learn how to use the @property decorator to create a property.
• Read-only property – learn how to define read-only properties and use them for computed properties.
• Delete a property – guide you on how to delete a property from an object.

Section 4. Single inheritance

• Inheritance – explain to you the inheritance concept and how to define a class that inherits from another class.
• Overriding methods – show you how overriding methods work.
• super() – learn how to delegate to the methods of the parent class from a method in the child class.
• __slots__ – use __slots__ to make the class more memory efficient.
• Abstract class – learn what abstract classes are and how to define abstract classes.

Section 5. Enumeration

• Enumeration – show you how to define a enumeration in Python.
• Enum Aliases & @enum.unique – introduce to you the enum aliases and how to use the enum.unique decorator to ensure the uniqueness of member values.
• Customize and extend enumerations – learn how to customize the behaviors of enum classes and how to extend the a custom enum class.
• auto – use the enum auto class to generate unique values for enumeration’s members.

Section 6. SOLID principles

This section introduces you to the SOLID principles of object-oriented programming. These five design principles make your software designs more maintainable and flexible. 

• Single Responsibility Principle – a class should have a single resposiblity.
• Open/Closed Principle – a class shoud be open for extension but closed for modification.
• Liskov Substitution Principle – a child class must be able to substituteable for its parent class.
• Interface Segregation Principle – use many small interfaces instead of a big interface.
• Dependency Inversion Principle – make the high-level module dependent on abstraction, not the low-level module.

Section 7. Multiple inheritance

• Multiple inheritance – learn how to implement multiple inheritance and understand how the method resolution order (MRO) works in Python.
• Mixin – introduce to you the mixin concept and how to implement mixin in Python.

Section 8. Descriptors

• Descriptors – explain how descriptors work and how to use them to make the code reusable.
• Data vs non-data descriptors – understand the differences between data and non-data descriptors

Section 9. Metaprogramming

• __new__ – learn how Python uses the __new__ method to create a new instance of a class.
• type class – show you how to dynamically create a class using the type class.
• Metaclass – explain the metaclass and show you how to define a custom metaclass to create other classes.
• Metaclass example – show you a metaclass example that allows you to inject many functionalities into classes.
• dataclass – leverage dataclass to add special methods such as __init__ and __repr__ to custom classes.

Section 10. Exceptions

• Exceptions – learn about exceptions in the context of objects
• Exception Handling – guide you on how to handle exceptions in the right way using the try statement.
• Raise Exceptions – show you how to use the raise statement to raise exceptions.
• Raise Exception from cause – learn how to modify and forward an existing exception with a cause.
• Custom exceptions – walk you through the steps of creating a custom exception class.